The fungi invade plants .
We joke so to say , "Neither animals nor plants , fungi are so weird that form a separate kingdom in nature . Versatile , enter both in cheesemaking as in quality control of industrial products " - Marcelo Affini Ivonete and D. Lucírio .
They mofam breads , spoil shoes and dye walls with green spots . While sources of medicines - particularly antibiotics - and provocateurs of diseases worldwide are also consumed in the form of noble dishes such as rare and expensive truffles and mushrooms . Pioneers among life forms on Earth are so different from each other and different from all other beings of the planet , after much controversy about its classification considered just a realm apart in nature . Fungi , these strange creatures that grow in living organisms as the dead begin to be desirable to help Brazilian companies in quality control of industrial products . Of drawbacks , molds and mildews have become more an instrument of scientists in research with drugs , disinfectants , insecticides and , more recently , anti-corrosion and simplifying the mechanisms of production of alcohol . This has increased the interest of various industries by fungi , a fact that is causing furor in Mycology ... " Laboratories that create , store and distribute , classifying them according to their origin and peculiar characteristics ." As demand grows , increases the number of types exploited. " In the frantic search to know them better , they won home ownership and pedigree " , compares the biologist and mycologist Mario Gatti , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro . With 1942 different types , the Fiocruz mycology collection is the largest collection of Brazilian genre. Worldwide, there are about 300 seats fungi. The most comprehensive of these is the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC ) in the United States . There are available more than 50000 different micro -organisms , half composed of fungi , bacteria and protozoa , which served as the basis for almost all known collections . Used to provide samples for university research and sterility testing of drugs and cosmetics , the "factory " of fungi Fiocruz winning new customers . In past years , the number of requests for samples of fungi doubled compared to the previous year . Mario Gatti , one of the curators of this mycology collection , links growth to the validity of the Code of Consumer Protection . "Companies are more concerned with the quality assurance of their products ," says the scientist . Among the customers of banks fungi , the largest consumers of microorganisms on the planet were marketed drug manufacturers and cosmetics . Companies like Johnson & Johnson and Glaxo employing fungi in laboratory tests to monitor the quality of their products . The process involves purposely contaminate samples of what you want to test with fungi , especially Aspergillus niger , found in abundance in nature . Periodic analyzes are then made to see if the fungus population has increased or decreased . If not decreased to almost none left over , which means that the preservative is efficient. " Our products on the shelves need to keep the same ability to preserve the newly manufactured product ," says Lenir Garcia , manager of microbiology at Johnson & Johnson . In search of their main food , carbon , some fungi are hated because they degrade materials widely used in industry , such as plastics and metals . To find out if your product will last beyond the gates of the factory, those responsible for quality control of companies put us in contact with the fungi exist out there . That makes five years ago the Military Institute of war materials ( Imbel ) to measure the corrosion resistance of the components of their radio transmitters and apparatus for explosive detonators . Ulysses D' Elia , the biologist responsible for this work , puts the parts to be examined together with a common potato in a sealed chamber , where he also introduced a pool of specially selected yeast . " On land , at sea or in the air , the equipment must withstand the most varied weather , possible to occur in any region of Brazil ," said D' Elia . Inside the chamber are simulated for 28 days all environmental conditions to which the devices are subjected. " The potato acts as a thermometer , which shows whether the microbes are active . If so , fungi take all the potatoes , "explains the scientist ( D' Elia ) . Similar experiments are also performed by the Research Institute of the Navy , in tests of resistance to corrosion of the equipment of ships and submarines . Deteriorativa While the ability fungal problem for some, others have this feature a great ally . Such is the case of ethanol production that can become much simpler if it is applied to some studies conducted by scientists from the Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo . Headed Egyptian biochemist by Hamza El - Dorry , this team using the fungus Trichoderma reesei , discovered during the Second World War , to degrade cellulose ( the raw material of paper ) to obtain glucose , which then turns into the fermented alcohol. in the 1940s , the fungus was studied emergently by U.S. laboratories since disintegrated in a few days the fabric of tents Army soldiers on the battlefield . USP researchers have isolated the fungus gene that determines their characteristics gluttons . now , efforts are focused on knowing how it produces the enzyme that degrades cellulose to insert this gene in yeast conventionally used to convert glucose into alcohol . " we are creating a single, unified process , which allows to obtain alcohol up of the crushed cane sugar, wood and paper thrown away , "declared El - Dorry . yeasts are also used for making cherry wine and yeast for breads and cakes . Some fungi are still the cornerstone of fine cheeses . Saying that a cheese is moldy not necessarily mean it is spoiled. Rather : the taste of roquefort cheese , gorgonzola and camembert depend on the work of fungi . During the first two types, the tangy taste and strong aromam are only obtained by drilling through its ready-made pasta , which are introduced into molds which there develops in the presence of air. camembert the cheeses undergo a bath solution in a mold to reach the creamy texture feature . Growing from outside to inside of each cheese , fungi that form on the outside and white thin hard surface . Both green spots as white film are very different from the mold of a rotten cheese . molds such as Penicillium citrus, secrete potentially toxic substances , such as citrinin , that attack the liver cells. before arriving at the table , many foods can still make contact with fungi in the field.
In Brasilia , the National Research Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Embrapa ( Brazilian Agricultural Research ) is developing a catalog of over 300 fungal isolates for research on biological control of crops , or biological insecticides . Marcos Rodrigues de Faria , one of the agronomists involved in the project , explains how the tests are made for the creation of biopesticides : " You take the larvae of the insect against which one wants to fight . They are dipped in a liquid suspension contaminated with a fungus generally Beauveria bassiana or Metarhizium amisopliae . If he is able to kill the larva will be used as insecticide . " Harnessing the potential of fungi has not been an easy road to be traveled by scholars. Searches on several fronts since the late 1920s , when they came to the public 's bacteriologist Alexander Fleming discovered only in 1960 it reached an agreement on the identity of these organisms . " Fungus is not a vegetable or animal, despite having characteristics of plants and animals ," says Pedrini Cunha Oliveira , pharmaceutical and biochemistry studies these beings since 1964 . Responsible for mycology department of Fiocruz , it teaches that " the fungus is considered animals because their food reserve is glycogen , not starch, as in all plants ." But it was also considered plant by its morphology : " If you looked under a microscope , the fungus looks like a flower . Yet they do not produce chloroplasts , thus do photosynthesis " . This difference in relation to other beings is leading to the creation of the kingdom Fungi , one of the five kingdoms of nature . The other four are Animalia , animals , Plantae , vegetables ; Monera , single-celled organisms like bacteria , and protists , unicellular organisms such as protozoa . Knowing exactly what these beings who play sometimes against , sometimes in favor of the man was only the beginning : " The history of the fungi is ... little studied ," says the scientist ( Pedrini ) , stating that he meets " his potential ... outstanding . "
quinta-feira, 24 de outubro de 2013
Micro - celled organisms . Micro - multicellular organisms .
REVIEW .
Micro - celled organisms . Micro - multicellular organisms . ( See Iconography 11 . Bacterium Escherichia coli increase of 10 000 in the electron microscope ) .
Microorganisms ( According to the Orthographic Agreement of 1990 : micro -organisms ) are organisms or microbes including viruses , bacteria , protozoa , unicellular algae , fungi ( yeasts unicellular like other multicellular fungi ) and mites . It is good to remember that microscopic beings are not necessarily unicellular beings , one example is the mites themselves . This designation has no taxonomic value , since it encompasses organisms of different kingdoms , but is used in science and technology ( as in the manufacture of fermented foods ) . The details of this matter is appropriate in the discipline that studies microorganisms , microbiology . Many microorganisms are pathogens , but many are beneficial for other species , living as symbionts , or the environment, such as bacteria that decompose organic matter in the biogeochemical cycle . Microorganisms can be found in all habitats , from the bottom of the ocean , passing through the terrestrial soil , and even the atmosphere .
Infection.
Infection (according agreement with Spelling 1990 : infection or infection) is the colonization of a host organism by a foreign species . In an infection , the infecting organism seeks to utilize the host's resources to multiply ( with obvious damage to the host ) . The infecting organism , or pathogen interferes with the normal physiology of the host and can lead to different consequences. The host response is inflammation .
Types of infections .
I present the plank : Photo 1 : Infection caused by piercing . Photo 2 : A type of ringworm. Photo 3 : Vaginal Infection - chancroid . Photo 4 : Genital Herpes . Photo 5 : dental infection caused by a lack of oral hygiene . Photo 6 : Oral Herpes . Photo 7 : Infection caused by insect. Photo 8 : Oral Herpes . Photo 9 : Gangrene . Photo 10 : Vaginal infection . Photo 11 : Skin ulcer . Photo 12 : Leishmaniasis . We present didactically 13 types :
1. Infection air - microbial infection acquired through the air and infectious agents contained therein .
2 . * Infection critogênica - Iatrogeny . Infection gateway unknown.
3 . Direct infection - infection acquired by contact with a sick individual .
4 . Endogenous Infection - infection due to a microorganism existing in the body and who, for whatever reason , it becomes pathogenic.
5 . Infection exogenous ** - infection caused by organisms from outside ( exogenous infection is caused by adventitious microorganisms that were previously present in the host organism . When transmitting microorganisms from exogenous sources have hospitals , according to Oliveira three sources: the hospital environment as a whole ; its devices and equipment and health professionals ) .
6 . Focal infection - infection limited to a specific region of the body .
7 . Indirect infection - infection acquired through water , food or other infectious agents, and not from individual to individual .
8 . Nosocomial infection - infection acquired in hospital .
9 . Opportunistic infection or opportunistic - infection that arises by reduction of organic defenses .
10 . Puerperal infection - infection arising in women with weakened defenses and diminished soon after birth .
11 . Secondary infection - infection consecutive to another and caused by an organism of the same species .
12 . Infection Sepsis or septic - very severe infection in which there is widespread dissemination throughout the body microorgânicos infectious agents .
13 . Infection terminal - very serious infection that , as a rule , causes death .
Exogenous infection .
Academics Medicine recommend familiarize yourself with the protocols related information Sanitary Epidemiological Research Protocolary Poison Exogenous ( See ANNEX II - Data Research Exogenous poisoning ) .
Further comments .
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS .
Antisepsis : the elimination of vegetative forms of pathogenic bacteria and much of the resident flora of the skin or mucosa , through the action of chemicals ( antiseptics ) .
Antiseptic : a substance or product which can stop or inhibit proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms , at room temperature in living tissue .
Asepsis : Method used to prevent a given medium is contaminated . When this medium is free of bacteria called aseptic environment .
Bacteria: vegetative form , when they are performing all their metabolic activities such as respiration, multiplication and absorption. The microorganisms in the oral cavity , are in a vegetative manner .
Cross contamination : when there is interposed in the cycles of contamination between one or more patients . The barriers against contamination , Bede means are necessary to prevent cross contamination within an office.
Antisepsis : is the removal of debris , impurities , dirt and microorganisms of transient flora and some of the resident flora deposited on the skin of the patient or the hands of the dental team through the mechanical action of detergent , soap or the use of chemicals ( anti - septic ) .
Decontamination : the objective function without the complete elimination of microorganisms due to the presence of organic matter held in instruments and surfaces .
Disinfection : is the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in vegetative form of surgery and other clinical environments , it is usually done through chemicals ( disinfectants ) .
Fumigation : extermination or destruction of insects , rodents and other creatures , which can transmit infections to humans .
Disinfectants : substance or product capable of stopping or inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in office environments and surfaces at room temperature .
Detergent : chemical substance or preparation that produces clean , has one or more properties : tensoatividade , solubilization , dispersion , emulsification and wetting .
Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE 'S ) are protective equipment used by professional support staff , patients and equipment in order to prevent contamination and accidents ( cap , mask, gown , gloves , goggles ... )
Spores : the spores are nothing but the most resistant microorganisms , being more difficult to be eliminated.
Sterilization : the destruction of microorganisms in vegetative and sporulating forms . Sterilization can be by physical (heat ) or chemical ( sterilizing solutions ) .
Sterilization : physical agent ( greenhouse autoclave ) or chemical ( 2% glutaraldehyde , formaldehyde 38 % ) able to destroy all forms of microorganisms , including sporulated .
Cross Infection : infection is caused by a microorganism tranmissão from one patient to another, usually by personnel or instrument contaminated environment .
Endogenous infection : is an infectious process resulting from the action of microorganisms existing in that region or tissue of a patient . Therapeutic measures that reduce the resistance of the individual facilitate the multiplication of bacteria inside , so it is very important , antisepsis presurgical .
Exogenous infection : is caused by foreign microorganisms patient . To prevent this infection can be very serious , instruments and other elements that are placed in the mouth of the patient must be sterile. It is important that barriers are placed to prevent contaminated instruments are sterile , not just because a particular instrument has been sterilized , it is important that in its handling up using it does not become contaminated . The exogenous infection of a break means aseptic chain , which is very serious, because , depending on the nature of the microorganisms involved exogenous infection may be fatal , as in the case of AIDS, Hepatitis B and C.
Critical procedure : any procedure where there is the presence of blood , pus or material contaminated by the loss of continuity .
Semicrítico procedure : the whole procedure in which there is the presence of organic secretions (saliva ) without loss of continuity of the fabric.
Procedure Non- critical : any procedure where there is no presence of blood , pus or other organic secretion (saliva ) . In dentistry there is this type of procedure .
Author's comments .
Call biology , such as the unicellular microorganism being formed by a single cell. Uni comes from unit : one unit, so the term single -celled means a cell. Viruses are not unicellular because viruses do not possess organelles within itself , a virus is just a closed capsule with genetic material inside , so it is not correct to consider viruses as unicellular being because it is not a cell ( V. 1 Iconography . Different arrangements of bacterial flagella ) .
Bacteria are unicellular cells are more primitive than are capsules but much higher than those capsules viruses, and are much more complex than viruses , organelles have different internal and some bacteria possess flagella to the outside of the cell wall , a bacterium can therefore be called a unicellular because the bacterial cell despite being very early , already have intracellular organelles , and extracellular up is then a cell.
Micro - celled organisms . Micro - multicellular organisms . ( See Iconography 11 . Bacterium Escherichia coli increase of 10 000 in the electron microscope ) .
Microorganisms ( According to the Orthographic Agreement of 1990 : micro -organisms ) are organisms or microbes including viruses , bacteria , protozoa , unicellular algae , fungi ( yeasts unicellular like other multicellular fungi ) and mites . It is good to remember that microscopic beings are not necessarily unicellular beings , one example is the mites themselves . This designation has no taxonomic value , since it encompasses organisms of different kingdoms , but is used in science and technology ( as in the manufacture of fermented foods ) . The details of this matter is appropriate in the discipline that studies microorganisms , microbiology . Many microorganisms are pathogens , but many are beneficial for other species , living as symbionts , or the environment, such as bacteria that decompose organic matter in the biogeochemical cycle . Microorganisms can be found in all habitats , from the bottom of the ocean , passing through the terrestrial soil , and even the atmosphere .
Infection.
Infection (according agreement with Spelling 1990 : infection or infection) is the colonization of a host organism by a foreign species . In an infection , the infecting organism seeks to utilize the host's resources to multiply ( with obvious damage to the host ) . The infecting organism , or pathogen interferes with the normal physiology of the host and can lead to different consequences. The host response is inflammation .
Types of infections .
I present the plank : Photo 1 : Infection caused by piercing . Photo 2 : A type of ringworm. Photo 3 : Vaginal Infection - chancroid . Photo 4 : Genital Herpes . Photo 5 : dental infection caused by a lack of oral hygiene . Photo 6 : Oral Herpes . Photo 7 : Infection caused by insect. Photo 8 : Oral Herpes . Photo 9 : Gangrene . Photo 10 : Vaginal infection . Photo 11 : Skin ulcer . Photo 12 : Leishmaniasis . We present didactically 13 types :
1. Infection air - microbial infection acquired through the air and infectious agents contained therein .
2 . * Infection critogênica - Iatrogeny . Infection gateway unknown.
3 . Direct infection - infection acquired by contact with a sick individual .
4 . Endogenous Infection - infection due to a microorganism existing in the body and who, for whatever reason , it becomes pathogenic.
5 . Infection exogenous ** - infection caused by organisms from outside ( exogenous infection is caused by adventitious microorganisms that were previously present in the host organism . When transmitting microorganisms from exogenous sources have hospitals , according to Oliveira three sources: the hospital environment as a whole ; its devices and equipment and health professionals ) .
6 . Focal infection - infection limited to a specific region of the body .
7 . Indirect infection - infection acquired through water , food or other infectious agents, and not from individual to individual .
8 . Nosocomial infection - infection acquired in hospital .
9 . Opportunistic infection or opportunistic - infection that arises by reduction of organic defenses .
10 . Puerperal infection - infection arising in women with weakened defenses and diminished soon after birth .
11 . Secondary infection - infection consecutive to another and caused by an organism of the same species .
12 . Infection Sepsis or septic - very severe infection in which there is widespread dissemination throughout the body microorgânicos infectious agents .
13 . Infection terminal - very serious infection that , as a rule , causes death .
Exogenous infection .
Academics Medicine recommend familiarize yourself with the protocols related information Sanitary Epidemiological Research Protocolary Poison Exogenous ( See ANNEX II - Data Research Exogenous poisoning ) .
Further comments .
CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS .
Antisepsis : the elimination of vegetative forms of pathogenic bacteria and much of the resident flora of the skin or mucosa , through the action of chemicals ( antiseptics ) .
Antiseptic : a substance or product which can stop or inhibit proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms , at room temperature in living tissue .
Asepsis : Method used to prevent a given medium is contaminated . When this medium is free of bacteria called aseptic environment .
Bacteria: vegetative form , when they are performing all their metabolic activities such as respiration, multiplication and absorption. The microorganisms in the oral cavity , are in a vegetative manner .
Cross contamination : when there is interposed in the cycles of contamination between one or more patients . The barriers against contamination , Bede means are necessary to prevent cross contamination within an office.
Antisepsis : is the removal of debris , impurities , dirt and microorganisms of transient flora and some of the resident flora deposited on the skin of the patient or the hands of the dental team through the mechanical action of detergent , soap or the use of chemicals ( anti - septic ) .
Decontamination : the objective function without the complete elimination of microorganisms due to the presence of organic matter held in instruments and surfaces .
Disinfection : is the elimination of pathogenic microorganisms in vegetative form of surgery and other clinical environments , it is usually done through chemicals ( disinfectants ) .
Fumigation : extermination or destruction of insects , rodents and other creatures , which can transmit infections to humans .
Disinfectants : substance or product capable of stopping or inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms in office environments and surfaces at room temperature .
Detergent : chemical substance or preparation that produces clean , has one or more properties : tensoatividade , solubilization , dispersion , emulsification and wetting .
Personal Protective Equipment ( PPE 'S ) are protective equipment used by professional support staff , patients and equipment in order to prevent contamination and accidents ( cap , mask, gown , gloves , goggles ... )
Spores : the spores are nothing but the most resistant microorganisms , being more difficult to be eliminated.
Sterilization : the destruction of microorganisms in vegetative and sporulating forms . Sterilization can be by physical (heat ) or chemical ( sterilizing solutions ) .
Sterilization : physical agent ( greenhouse autoclave ) or chemical ( 2% glutaraldehyde , formaldehyde 38 % ) able to destroy all forms of microorganisms , including sporulated .
Cross Infection : infection is caused by a microorganism tranmissão from one patient to another, usually by personnel or instrument contaminated environment .
Endogenous infection : is an infectious process resulting from the action of microorganisms existing in that region or tissue of a patient . Therapeutic measures that reduce the resistance of the individual facilitate the multiplication of bacteria inside , so it is very important , antisepsis presurgical .
Exogenous infection : is caused by foreign microorganisms patient . To prevent this infection can be very serious , instruments and other elements that are placed in the mouth of the patient must be sterile. It is important that barriers are placed to prevent contaminated instruments are sterile , not just because a particular instrument has been sterilized , it is important that in its handling up using it does not become contaminated . The exogenous infection of a break means aseptic chain , which is very serious, because , depending on the nature of the microorganisms involved exogenous infection may be fatal , as in the case of AIDS, Hepatitis B and C.
Critical procedure : any procedure where there is the presence of blood , pus or material contaminated by the loss of continuity .
Semicrítico procedure : the whole procedure in which there is the presence of organic secretions (saliva ) without loss of continuity of the fabric.
Procedure Non- critical : any procedure where there is no presence of blood , pus or other organic secretion (saliva ) . In dentistry there is this type of procedure .
Author's comments .
Call biology , such as the unicellular microorganism being formed by a single cell. Uni comes from unit : one unit, so the term single -celled means a cell. Viruses are not unicellular because viruses do not possess organelles within itself , a virus is just a closed capsule with genetic material inside , so it is not correct to consider viruses as unicellular being because it is not a cell ( V. 1 Iconography . Different arrangements of bacterial flagella ) .
Bacteria are unicellular cells are more primitive than are capsules but much higher than those capsules viruses, and are much more complex than viruses , organelles have different internal and some bacteria possess flagella to the outside of the cell wall , a bacterium can therefore be called a unicellular because the bacterial cell despite being very early , already have intracellular organelles , and extracellular up is then a cell.
quarta-feira, 23 de outubro de 2013
RESOLUTION - RDC No. 61 OF 12 DECEMBER 2012. Sets forth the procedures under ANVISA changes to drug labeling and other matters .
RESOLUTION - RDC No. 61 OF 12 DECEMBER 2012
Sets forth the procedures under ANVISA changes to drug labeling and other matters .
The Board of the National Health Surveillance Agency , in exercise of the powers conferred on it by sections III and IV , Art.15 of the Law n . 9.782 , of January 26, 1999 , Item II , and § § 1 ° and 3 of art. 54 of the Bylaws approved in accordance with Annex I of Ordinance No. 354 of ANVISA , of August 11, 2006 , republished in the Official Gazette of August 21, 2006 , and its updates , in view of the provisions of sections III , art. 2, III and IV , art. 7 of Law no . 9782 , 1999 , and Program Improvement Process Regulatory Agency , established by Decree No. 422 of 16 April 2008 , at a meeting held on December 11, 2012 , adopted the following Board Resolution and I , the Chairman , determine its publication :
Article 1 The changes in drug labeling may be subject to notification to ANVISA for companies owning their health records , and they may be immediate implementation without prior approval of the Agency.
Sole Paragraph . Notification of objects may be mentioned herein, the following labeling changes :
I. Inclusion of data security .
II . The following changes "layout " :
a. Color ;
b . source ;
c . size and dimensions of labeling;
d. diagramming information , including changing the text direction , and ,
and . alteration, addition or deletion of graphics that comes to art. 17 of Resolution RDC No. 71 of December 22, 2009 .
III . Inclusion of information on approved labeling or exclusion of non-mandatory information .
Article 2 . For labeling changes contemplated in this Resolution , whose petitions have already been protocolizadas atAnvisa until the date of its publication , the companies holding the records of their medications that are interested in their conversion in the notification object of this resolution will have a term of up to 30 ( thirty) days to docket the completed form as a model appearing in Annex I, provided it has not been drawn up and any requirement by the ANVISA .
Article 3 . Notifications of labeling changes made pursuant to this Resolution and protocolizadas atAnvisa after the date of its publication , must be accompanied by all required documentation to the subject , as well as the completed form as the model in ANNEX II .
Article 4 . Any changes notified to ANVISA and implemented in accordance with the provisions of this Resolution shall contain,
obligatorily in History Product Change whose labeling was changed together with the number of hours of their notifications made .
Article 5 . The immediate implementation of labeling changes related to this Resolution does not hinder the analysis , at any time, the documentation required by ANVISA .
Article 6 . The authenticity and veracity of the information provided to ANVISA are the responsibility of the owner of record, and any irregularity detected by ANVISA , in contradiction to the provisions of sanitary legislation , constitutes a health violation , pursuant to Law No. 6437 of 20 August 1977 and may result in cancellation of the registration of the drug to be notified defined in this Resolution
Article 7 . This Resolution shall take effect on the date of its publication.
DIRCEU BRÁS APARECIDO Barbano
Chief Executive Officer
ANNEX I
DECLARATION FORM FOR REFERRING TO HALFTIME NUMBERS RELATED TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE NOTICE OF CHANGE OF DRUG LABELING
Considering the provisions of RDC 61 RDC No. 61 of December 12, 2012 , the company ________________________________________________________ , CNPJ _________________ declares below the numbers of expedients related to the matters of the standard for which will be granted immediate implementation from this notification.
The company declares that it has complied with the legislation in force that provides change drug labeling with regard to the documentation required for each subject, as well as maintaining the quality characteristics of the product.
No. EDITORIAL PRODUCT SUBJECT DATE OF PROTOCOL
The company is aware that the authenticity of the information provided is the responsibility of the owner of record and any irregularities detected by ANVISA , in contradiction to the provisions of sanitary legislation , constitutes a health violation , pursuant to Law No. 6437 , of August 20, 1977 .
REPRESENTATIVE TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE
ANNEX II
FORM DECLARATION PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE LAW ON AMENDMENT OF DRUG LABELING
Considering the provisions of the RDC No. 61 of December 12, 2012 , the company ________________________________________________________ , CNPJ ___________________ , declares to have complied with the law in force that provides change drug labeling with regard to the documentation required for this change pósregistro , as well as maintaining the quality characteristics of the product.
The company is aware that the authenticity of the information provided is the responsibility of the owner of record and any irregularities detected by ANVISA , in contradiction to the provisions of sanitary legislation , constitutes a health violation , pursuant to Law No. 6437 , of August 20, 1977 .
REPRESENTATIVE TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Sets forth the procedures under ANVISA changes to drug labeling and other matters .
The Board of the National Health Surveillance Agency , in exercise of the powers conferred on it by sections III and IV , Art.15 of the Law n . 9.782 , of January 26, 1999 , Item II , and § § 1 ° and 3 of art. 54 of the Bylaws approved in accordance with Annex I of Ordinance No. 354 of ANVISA , of August 11, 2006 , republished in the Official Gazette of August 21, 2006 , and its updates , in view of the provisions of sections III , art. 2, III and IV , art. 7 of Law no . 9782 , 1999 , and Program Improvement Process Regulatory Agency , established by Decree No. 422 of 16 April 2008 , at a meeting held on December 11, 2012 , adopted the following Board Resolution and I , the Chairman , determine its publication :
Article 1 The changes in drug labeling may be subject to notification to ANVISA for companies owning their health records , and they may be immediate implementation without prior approval of the Agency.
Sole Paragraph . Notification of objects may be mentioned herein, the following labeling changes :
I. Inclusion of data security .
II . The following changes "layout " :
a. Color ;
b . source ;
c . size and dimensions of labeling;
d. diagramming information , including changing the text direction , and ,
and . alteration, addition or deletion of graphics that comes to art. 17 of Resolution RDC No. 71 of December 22, 2009 .
III . Inclusion of information on approved labeling or exclusion of non-mandatory information .
Article 2 . For labeling changes contemplated in this Resolution , whose petitions have already been protocolizadas atAnvisa until the date of its publication , the companies holding the records of their medications that are interested in their conversion in the notification object of this resolution will have a term of up to 30 ( thirty) days to docket the completed form as a model appearing in Annex I, provided it has not been drawn up and any requirement by the ANVISA .
Article 3 . Notifications of labeling changes made pursuant to this Resolution and protocolizadas atAnvisa after the date of its publication , must be accompanied by all required documentation to the subject , as well as the completed form as the model in ANNEX II .
Article 4 . Any changes notified to ANVISA and implemented in accordance with the provisions of this Resolution shall contain,
obligatorily in History Product Change whose labeling was changed together with the number of hours of their notifications made .
Article 5 . The immediate implementation of labeling changes related to this Resolution does not hinder the analysis , at any time, the documentation required by ANVISA .
Article 6 . The authenticity and veracity of the information provided to ANVISA are the responsibility of the owner of record, and any irregularity detected by ANVISA , in contradiction to the provisions of sanitary legislation , constitutes a health violation , pursuant to Law No. 6437 of 20 August 1977 and may result in cancellation of the registration of the drug to be notified defined in this Resolution
Article 7 . This Resolution shall take effect on the date of its publication.
DIRCEU BRÁS APARECIDO Barbano
Chief Executive Officer
ANNEX I
DECLARATION FORM FOR REFERRING TO HALFTIME NUMBERS RELATED TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE NOTICE OF CHANGE OF DRUG LABELING
Considering the provisions of RDC 61 RDC No. 61 of December 12, 2012 , the company ________________________________________________________ , CNPJ _________________ declares below the numbers of expedients related to the matters of the standard for which will be granted immediate implementation from this notification.
The company declares that it has complied with the legislation in force that provides change drug labeling with regard to the documentation required for each subject, as well as maintaining the quality characteristics of the product.
No. EDITORIAL PRODUCT SUBJECT DATE OF PROTOCOL
The company is aware that the authenticity of the information provided is the responsibility of the owner of record and any irregularities detected by ANVISA , in contradiction to the provisions of sanitary legislation , constitutes a health violation , pursuant to Law No. 6437 , of August 20, 1977 .
REPRESENTATIVE TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE
ANNEX II
FORM DECLARATION PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE LAW ON AMENDMENT OF DRUG LABELING
Considering the provisions of the RDC No. 61 of December 12, 2012 , the company ________________________________________________________ , CNPJ ___________________ , declares to have complied with the law in force that provides change drug labeling with regard to the documentation required for this change pósregistro , as well as maintaining the quality characteristics of the product.
The company is aware that the authenticity of the information provided is the responsibility of the owner of record and any irregularities detected by ANVISA , in contradiction to the provisions of sanitary legislation , constitutes a health violation , pursuant to Law No. 6437 , of August 20, 1977 .
REPRESENTATIVE TECHNICAL REPRESENTATIVE
Penicillins
Penicillins .
Penicillin G is a natural antibiotic derived from a fungus, bread mold Penicillium chrysogenum (or P. notatum). She was discovered on September 15, 1928 , by Scottish physician and bacteriologist Alexander Fleming and is available as a drug since 1941 , the first antibiotic to be used successfully .
Antibiotic is the generic name given to a substance that is capable of interacting with unicellular microorganisms or multicellular beings that cause infections in the body. Antibiotics interfere with the microorganisms , killing them or inhibiting their metabolism and / or reproduction , allowing the immune system to fight them more effectively . The term antibiotic has been used more restrictively to indicate substances that affect bacteria, although it may be used in a broad sense (against fungi , for example). It can be bactericidal when it has a lethal effect on the bacteria or bacteriostatic stops or inhibits their reproduction metabolism. The findings were first substances produced by fungi such as penicillin . Currently are synthesized or altered in pharmaceutical laboratories and have the ability to prevent or hinder the maintenance of a certain group of living cells . The antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections. Unfortunately, there are more and more bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics that currently have . This resistance is formed in part due to the overuse of these antibiotics. As a result , we are constantly developing new antibiotics to combat bacteria increasingly resistant . But , finally , the bacteria also become resistant to these newer antibiotics . Antibiotics are classified according to their potency. The bactericidal antibiotics destroy bacteria , while bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent only those multiply, and allow the body to eliminate resistant bacteria . For most infections , both types of antibiotics appear equally effective , but the immune system is weakened or person has a severe infection , such as bacterial endocarditis and meningitis , an antibiotic bactericidal usually more effective. Physicians may choose an antibiotic to treat an infection in particular based on the assumption which is, according to them , the agent responsible for the process . For its part , the laboratory can identify the infecting bacteria taxonomically and thereby help your doctor choose the antibiotic. However , these laboratory tests are slow usually a day or two to give their results and therefore can not be used to choose the initial treatment . Moreover , even if the agent has been identified and has been determined in the laboratory their sensitivity to antibiotics , the choice of the drug is not so simple. The sensitivities that are detected in the laboratory do not always correspond to that present in the infected patient . The effectiveness of treatment depends on factors such as the degree of absorption of the drug into the bloodstream that the amount thereof reaches the various body fluids which the speed of the body to eliminate it. The selection of a drug also has to take into account the nature and severity of the disease , the side effects it causes, the possibility of severe allergies and other allergic and financial cost thereof. In some cases it is necessary to use a combination of antibiotics to treat severe infections , especially when the sensitivity is still unknown bacterium thereto. The associations are also important for certain infections , such as tuberculosis, in which bacteria develop resistance rapidly administering a drug alone. Sometimes the junction of two of them have a more powerful effect and these associations can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria which show difficult to eradicate such as Pseudomonas . In severe bacterial infections , antibiotics are usually administered first by injection , typically intravenous injection. When the infection is controlled , can give orally . The antibiotics should be taken until the infectious agent is eliminated from the body , a process which may require several days after the disappearance of symptoms. Stopping treatment too early may cause a relapse or else stimulate the development of resistant bacteria . For this reason , antibiotics are commonly eaten after several days lost all evidence of infection. Certain antibiotics are used to treat rickettsial infections , which are microorganisms that are similar to bacteria or viruses . Rickettsiae are smaller than the first , but larger than the latter. As the virus can only survive within the cells of another organism , but as bacteria, are vulnerable to antibiotics. Specifically, the most effective against infections caused by Rickettsia are chloramphenicol and tetracyclines . Antibiotics are used not only to treat infections , but also to prevent them . For effective results , and in order to prevent bacteria develop resistance, preventive therapy must be short and the antibiotic to be active against this bacterium in particular. One example of preventive therapy involves taking antibiotics while traveling to prevent traveler's diarrhea . Likewise , this therapy is used in people exposed to someone with meningococcal meningitis , due to the risk of contagion . People with abnormal heart valves ingest antibiotics preventively usual manner before surgery , including dental surgery. These individuals have an increased risk of acquiring an infection of the heart valves ( endocarditis ) by bacteria normally found in the mouth and in other parts of the body. Such bacteria can enter the bloodstream during surgery to achieve the damaged heart valves . The prophylactic antibiotics type may also be ingested by individuals whose immune system is not fully effective , such as those suffering from leukemia , those receiving chemotherapy to treat a cancer and AIDS patients still . On the other hand , healthy people who undergo surgery with high risk of infection (such as orthopedic surgery or large bowel ) can also be taken. Unfortunately , antibiotics are often used without there being a strong reason to do so. For example , they are often incorrectly administered to treat viral diseases such as colds and flu. An antibiotic can cause an allergic reaction , as usually occurs with penicillin , or may cause other side effects . For example, aminoglycosides may damage the kidneys and the ear interno.O antibiotic treatment may be maintained despite the side effects , particularly if only effective against infection from which the patient suffers . The physician will evaluate by comparing the magnitude of these effects with severity of infection.
Classes of antibiotics.
As previously described antibiotics can be classified as bacteriostatic and bactericidal , depending on whether the drug directly cause the death of bacteria or only inhibits replication, respectively. In practice , this classification is based on the behavior of both in vitro and antibiotic classes may be effective in treating an infection ( Pelczar , MJ , Chan , ECS and Krieg , NR ) .
List of antibiotics with controlled sale is updated by ANVISA .
The RDC 61 , published on December 22 , amended Annex DRC 44 , 2010 and included 26 active ingredients that were not in the previous list , and remove other five substances . The total list includes 119 substances under control ANVISA . The substances excluded are: 5 - fluorocytosine , griseofulvin , nystatin , fenilazodiaminopiridina and sulfadoxine . Also, corrected the spelling of the substance to talilsulfatiazol Ftalilsulfatiazol . ANVISA prepared a Technical Note to clarify the doubts of physicians , health professionals and users of medicines regarding determinations of RDC 44 . The note makes clear that the term "recipe special control " refers to a simple recipe in duplicate containing the information required by the agency.
The note also says that the information related to the identification of the buyer shall be filled only at the time of sale, this procedure is the responsibility of the pharmacy or drugstore in question . In addition , the document points out that only one drug should be prescribed on prescription and can only be delivered to the pharmacy once , only for a purchase . Since April 25, 2011 the pharmacies are required to notarize sales of antimicrobials in the National Management Controlled Products ( SNGPC ) ANVISA .
Penicillin G is a natural antibiotic derived from a fungus, bread mold Penicillium chrysogenum (or P. notatum). She was discovered on September 15, 1928 , by Scottish physician and bacteriologist Alexander Fleming and is available as a drug since 1941 , the first antibiotic to be used successfully .
Antibiotic is the generic name given to a substance that is capable of interacting with unicellular microorganisms or multicellular beings that cause infections in the body. Antibiotics interfere with the microorganisms , killing them or inhibiting their metabolism and / or reproduction , allowing the immune system to fight them more effectively . The term antibiotic has been used more restrictively to indicate substances that affect bacteria, although it may be used in a broad sense (against fungi , for example). It can be bactericidal when it has a lethal effect on the bacteria or bacteriostatic stops or inhibits their reproduction metabolism. The findings were first substances produced by fungi such as penicillin . Currently are synthesized or altered in pharmaceutical laboratories and have the ability to prevent or hinder the maintenance of a certain group of living cells . The antibiotics are drugs that are used to treat bacterial infections. Unfortunately, there are more and more bacteria develop resistance against antibiotics that currently have . This resistance is formed in part due to the overuse of these antibiotics. As a result , we are constantly developing new antibiotics to combat bacteria increasingly resistant . But , finally , the bacteria also become resistant to these newer antibiotics . Antibiotics are classified according to their potency. The bactericidal antibiotics destroy bacteria , while bacteriostatic antibiotics prevent only those multiply, and allow the body to eliminate resistant bacteria . For most infections , both types of antibiotics appear equally effective , but the immune system is weakened or person has a severe infection , such as bacterial endocarditis and meningitis , an antibiotic bactericidal usually more effective. Physicians may choose an antibiotic to treat an infection in particular based on the assumption which is, according to them , the agent responsible for the process . For its part , the laboratory can identify the infecting bacteria taxonomically and thereby help your doctor choose the antibiotic. However , these laboratory tests are slow usually a day or two to give their results and therefore can not be used to choose the initial treatment . Moreover , even if the agent has been identified and has been determined in the laboratory their sensitivity to antibiotics , the choice of the drug is not so simple. The sensitivities that are detected in the laboratory do not always correspond to that present in the infected patient . The effectiveness of treatment depends on factors such as the degree of absorption of the drug into the bloodstream that the amount thereof reaches the various body fluids which the speed of the body to eliminate it. The selection of a drug also has to take into account the nature and severity of the disease , the side effects it causes, the possibility of severe allergies and other allergic and financial cost thereof. In some cases it is necessary to use a combination of antibiotics to treat severe infections , especially when the sensitivity is still unknown bacterium thereto. The associations are also important for certain infections , such as tuberculosis, in which bacteria develop resistance rapidly administering a drug alone. Sometimes the junction of two of them have a more powerful effect and these associations can be used to treat infections caused by bacteria which show difficult to eradicate such as Pseudomonas . In severe bacterial infections , antibiotics are usually administered first by injection , typically intravenous injection. When the infection is controlled , can give orally . The antibiotics should be taken until the infectious agent is eliminated from the body , a process which may require several days after the disappearance of symptoms. Stopping treatment too early may cause a relapse or else stimulate the development of resistant bacteria . For this reason , antibiotics are commonly eaten after several days lost all evidence of infection. Certain antibiotics are used to treat rickettsial infections , which are microorganisms that are similar to bacteria or viruses . Rickettsiae are smaller than the first , but larger than the latter. As the virus can only survive within the cells of another organism , but as bacteria, are vulnerable to antibiotics. Specifically, the most effective against infections caused by Rickettsia are chloramphenicol and tetracyclines . Antibiotics are used not only to treat infections , but also to prevent them . For effective results , and in order to prevent bacteria develop resistance, preventive therapy must be short and the antibiotic to be active against this bacterium in particular. One example of preventive therapy involves taking antibiotics while traveling to prevent traveler's diarrhea . Likewise , this therapy is used in people exposed to someone with meningococcal meningitis , due to the risk of contagion . People with abnormal heart valves ingest antibiotics preventively usual manner before surgery , including dental surgery. These individuals have an increased risk of acquiring an infection of the heart valves ( endocarditis ) by bacteria normally found in the mouth and in other parts of the body. Such bacteria can enter the bloodstream during surgery to achieve the damaged heart valves . The prophylactic antibiotics type may also be ingested by individuals whose immune system is not fully effective , such as those suffering from leukemia , those receiving chemotherapy to treat a cancer and AIDS patients still . On the other hand , healthy people who undergo surgery with high risk of infection (such as orthopedic surgery or large bowel ) can also be taken. Unfortunately , antibiotics are often used without there being a strong reason to do so. For example , they are often incorrectly administered to treat viral diseases such as colds and flu. An antibiotic can cause an allergic reaction , as usually occurs with penicillin , or may cause other side effects . For example, aminoglycosides may damage the kidneys and the ear interno.O antibiotic treatment may be maintained despite the side effects , particularly if only effective against infection from which the patient suffers . The physician will evaluate by comparing the magnitude of these effects with severity of infection.
Classes of antibiotics.
As previously described antibiotics can be classified as bacteriostatic and bactericidal , depending on whether the drug directly cause the death of bacteria or only inhibits replication, respectively. In practice , this classification is based on the behavior of both in vitro and antibiotic classes may be effective in treating an infection ( Pelczar , MJ , Chan , ECS and Krieg , NR ) .
List of antibiotics with controlled sale is updated by ANVISA .
The RDC 61 , published on December 22 , amended Annex DRC 44 , 2010 and included 26 active ingredients that were not in the previous list , and remove other five substances . The total list includes 119 substances under control ANVISA . The substances excluded are: 5 - fluorocytosine , griseofulvin , nystatin , fenilazodiaminopiridina and sulfadoxine . Also, corrected the spelling of the substance to talilsulfatiazol Ftalilsulfatiazol . ANVISA prepared a Technical Note to clarify the doubts of physicians , health professionals and users of medicines regarding determinations of RDC 44 . The note makes clear that the term "recipe special control " refers to a simple recipe in duplicate containing the information required by the agency.
The note also says that the information related to the identification of the buyer shall be filled only at the time of sale, this procedure is the responsibility of the pharmacy or drugstore in question . In addition , the document points out that only one drug should be prescribed on prescription and can only be delivered to the pharmacy once , only for a purchase . Since April 25, 2011 the pharmacies are required to notarize sales of antimicrobials in the National Management Controlled Products ( SNGPC ) ANVISA .
The journalist Ray Rabelo , Professor founder of INESPEC is worthy of a dedication...
Dedication .
The journalist Ray Rabelo , Professor founder of INESPEC is worthy of a dedication by this author , so the person I dedicate it to all members of the scientific and technical administrative staff of the Institute for Teaching, Research , Extension and Culture , the present work . Special thanks to the staff of COURSE ALTERNATIVE , in Fortaleza , Ceará , in the District of Parangaba . Thanks to friends and students who attend or attended the EAD INESPEC . Thanks to virtual students of the author , in the Course of Clinical Laboratory . Thanks to the author's students in Pharmacy Assistant Course COURSE ALTERNATIVE - Fortaleza , Classes I, II , III and IV and the students of Pharmacy Assistant , virtual classrooms , 2012-2013 .
Special thanks to the partners who ensure the transmission of programming virtual NETWORK INESPEC through the links :
1. http://inespecmundial.listen2myradio.com
2 . http://inespecmundial.listen2mymusic.com
3 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream321.com
4 . http://inespecmundial.listen2myshow.com
5 . http://inespecmundial.radio12345.com
6 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream123.com
7 . http://radiowebinespec1.listen2myradio.com
8 . http://radiowebinespec1.listen2mymusic.com
9 . http://radiowebinespec1.radiostream321.com
10 . http://radiowebinespec1.listen2myshow.com
11 . http://radiowebinespec1.radio12345.com
12 . http://radiowebinespec1.radiostream123.com
13 . http://rviredeceara.webnode.com
14 . http://radioonlineinespec.comunidades.net
15 . http://inespecmundial.listen2myradio.com
16 . http://inespecmundial.listen2mymusic.com
17 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream321.com
18 . http://inespecmundial.listen2myshow.com
19 . http://inespecmundial.radio12345.com
20 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream123.com
21. http://caeeinespec.listen2myradio.com
22. http://caeeinespec.listen2mymusic.com
23. http://caeeinespec.radiostream321.com
24 . http://caeeinespec.listen2myshow.com
25 . http://caeeinespec.radio12345.com
26. http://caeeinespec.radiostream123.com
( ... ) The Radio WEB INESPEC now located in 99 countries , transmitting the signal of Radio WEB INESPEC , and translating the ideas of the Institute for diverse cultures . In radio and television channels virtual becomes possible today , a better quality of teaching via the Web RWI thank the leaders in the following countries : Afrikaans . AKAN . ALBANIAN . GERMAN . Amharic . ARABIC . ARMENIAN . Azerbaijani . BASCO . BEMBA . BENGALI . Belarusian . BIHARI . BORK . BORK , BORK . Bosnian . BRETON . BULGARIAN . Cambodian . Catalan . ETC . http://farmaciaead2013.blogspot.com.br/ - Use the interface to choose the language in which to view the WEB RADIO INESPEC . Blogs and websites of partners RWI are currently available in several languages : This book and eBook to be authorized and will be translated into French , German, Italian , English and Russian , considering we have partners in the nations who speak these languages .
Special thanks to Publisher FREE INESPEC you've edited the author's works ( EXTRA ANNEX - List of books already published by Professor César Augusto Venancio da Silva ) :
1. COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME I - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING COURSE : AUXILIARY HOSPITAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE AND COMMERCIAL - CONTINUING EDUCATION - TOMO I - 2012 - September - 1st . Edition - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2012 - 425 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
2 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME II - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING COURSE : AUXILIARY HOSPITAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE AND COMMERCIAL - CONTINUING EDUCATION - TOMO II - 2013 - January - 2nd . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013 - 841 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
3 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME II - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING COURSE : AUXILIARY HOSPITAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE AND COMMERCIAL - CONTINUING EDUCATION - TOMO II - UPDATED REISSUE - 2013 - January - 3rd . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013 - 841 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
4 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME III - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING AID PHARMACY HOSPITAL AND DRUGSTORES - VOLUME III - CLASSES V , VI and VII - 2013 - May - 3rd . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013 - 272 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
5 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME III - SUNTOMO I - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING AID PHARMACY HOSPITAL AND DRUGSTORES - VOLUME III - CLASSES V , VI and VII - 2013 - July - 4th . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013-1079 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
6 . Applied Biochemistry and Immunology - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . LABORATORY ASSISTANT TRAINING IN CLINICAL ANALYSIS - 2013 - February - 1st . Edition - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013-558 . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
Finally , my sincere thanks to the staff docencial Specialization in Clinical Pharmacology , Faculty Athenaeum - Fortaleza , in particular Professor . Doctor Franscisco Fábio Oliveira de Sousa , discipline Pharmacodynamics CLINIC - PRACTICAL APPLICATION . His classes were inspiring in Class VI to " embriar " this project in URM MEDICAL CLINIC .
The journalist Ray Rabelo , Professor founder of INESPEC is worthy of a dedication by this author , so the person I dedicate it to all members of the scientific and technical administrative staff of the Institute for Teaching, Research , Extension and Culture , the present work . Special thanks to the staff of COURSE ALTERNATIVE , in Fortaleza , Ceará , in the District of Parangaba . Thanks to friends and students who attend or attended the EAD INESPEC . Thanks to virtual students of the author , in the Course of Clinical Laboratory . Thanks to the author's students in Pharmacy Assistant Course COURSE ALTERNATIVE - Fortaleza , Classes I, II , III and IV and the students of Pharmacy Assistant , virtual classrooms , 2012-2013 .
Special thanks to the partners who ensure the transmission of programming virtual NETWORK INESPEC through the links :
1. http://inespecmundial.listen2myradio.com
2 . http://inespecmundial.listen2mymusic.com
3 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream321.com
4 . http://inespecmundial.listen2myshow.com
5 . http://inespecmundial.radio12345.com
6 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream123.com
7 . http://radiowebinespec1.listen2myradio.com
8 . http://radiowebinespec1.listen2mymusic.com
9 . http://radiowebinespec1.radiostream321.com
10 . http://radiowebinespec1.listen2myshow.com
11 . http://radiowebinespec1.radio12345.com
12 . http://radiowebinespec1.radiostream123.com
13 . http://rviredeceara.webnode.com
14 . http://radioonlineinespec.comunidades.net
15 . http://inespecmundial.listen2myradio.com
16 . http://inespecmundial.listen2mymusic.com
17 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream321.com
18 . http://inespecmundial.listen2myshow.com
19 . http://inespecmundial.radio12345.com
20 . http://inespecmundial.radiostream123.com
21. http://caeeinespec.listen2myradio.com
22. http://caeeinespec.listen2mymusic.com
23. http://caeeinespec.radiostream321.com
24 . http://caeeinespec.listen2myshow.com
25 . http://caeeinespec.radio12345.com
26. http://caeeinespec.radiostream123.com
( ... ) The Radio WEB INESPEC now located in 99 countries , transmitting the signal of Radio WEB INESPEC , and translating the ideas of the Institute for diverse cultures . In radio and television channels virtual becomes possible today , a better quality of teaching via the Web RWI thank the leaders in the following countries : Afrikaans . AKAN . ALBANIAN . GERMAN . Amharic . ARABIC . ARMENIAN . Azerbaijani . BASCO . BEMBA . BENGALI . Belarusian . BIHARI . BORK . BORK , BORK . Bosnian . BRETON . BULGARIAN . Cambodian . Catalan . ETC . http://farmaciaead2013.blogspot.com.br/ - Use the interface to choose the language in which to view the WEB RADIO INESPEC . Blogs and websites of partners RWI are currently available in several languages : This book and eBook to be authorized and will be translated into French , German, Italian , English and Russian , considering we have partners in the nations who speak these languages .
Special thanks to Publisher FREE INESPEC you've edited the author's works ( EXTRA ANNEX - List of books already published by Professor César Augusto Venancio da Silva ) :
1. COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME I - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING COURSE : AUXILIARY HOSPITAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE AND COMMERCIAL - CONTINUING EDUCATION - TOMO I - 2012 - September - 1st . Edition - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2012 - 425 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
2 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME II - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING COURSE : AUXILIARY HOSPITAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE AND COMMERCIAL - CONTINUING EDUCATION - TOMO II - 2013 - January - 2nd . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013 - 841 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
3 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME II - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING COURSE : AUXILIARY HOSPITAL PHARMACY DRUG STORE AND COMMERCIAL - CONTINUING EDUCATION - TOMO II - UPDATED REISSUE - 2013 - January - 3rd . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013 - 841 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
4 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME III - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING AID PHARMACY HOSPITAL AND DRUGSTORES - VOLUME III - CLASSES V , VI and VII - 2013 - May - 3rd . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013 - 272 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
5 . COURSE OF PHARMACOLOGY VOLUME III - SUNTOMO I - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . TRAINING AID PHARMACY HOSPITAL AND DRUGSTORES - VOLUME III - CLASSES V , VI and VII - 2013 - July - 4th . Revised edition , updated and expanded - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013-1079 pages . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
6 . Applied Biochemistry and Immunology - SILVA Professor Venancio of Caesar Augustus . LABORATORY ASSISTANT TRAINING IN CLINICAL ANALYSIS - 2013 - February - 1st . Edition - Fortaleza - Ceará - 2013-558 . Free Virtual Publisher . INESPEC .
Finally , my sincere thanks to the staff docencial Specialization in Clinical Pharmacology , Faculty Athenaeum - Fortaleza , in particular Professor . Doctor Franscisco Fábio Oliveira de Sousa , discipline Pharmacodynamics CLINIC - PRACTICAL APPLICATION . His classes were inspiring in Class VI to " embriar " this project in URM MEDICAL CLINIC .
Drugs and their use in clinical practice.
URM IN MEDICAL CLINIC .
Clinical Pharmacology :
Drugs and their use in clinical practice.
Fortaleza - Ceará -2013
Clinical Pharmacology : Medicines and their use in clinical practice.
CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
Professor Cesar Augusto Venancio da Silva
1st EDITION
2013Epígrafe .
INTEREST ... And I promise that by exercising the art of healing , show me will always loyal to the principles of honesty, charity and science . Penetrating inside the homes , my eyes are blind , my tongue I will silence the secrets are revealed , which will have as precept of honor . Never serve the profession to corrupt morals or encourage crime . If I fulfill this oath faithfully , I enjoy , forever , my life and my art , with good reputation among men . If the infringing or get away from him , succeed me otherwise .
"The medical graduates choosing a drug inadequate or unreliable in half the cases ." WHO document .
" Primum non nocere " - Primum non nocere is a Latin phrase that means " First , do no harm . " The phrase is sometimes recorded as primum nil nocere . Non- maleficence , which is derived from the maximum , is one of the main precepts of medical ethics that all medical students are taught in medical school and is a fundamental principle for emergency medical services worldwide . Another way of stating is that "given an existing problem , it may be better not to do something, or even to do nothing , than to risk causing more harm than good . " He reminds the physician and other health professionals should consider the possible harm that any intervention might do. It is invoked when debating the use of an intervention that carries an obvious risk of damage, but less certain chance of benefit. Non-maleficence is often contrasted with its corollary of beneficence. Primum non nocere - Tells why " primum non nocere " is not , in fact , from Hippocrates , but it is a phrase in epidemics - " The origin of primum non nocere . " British Medical Journal electronic responses and comments , 1 September 2013. Smith , C. M. (2005) . " Origin and Uses of Primum non nocere - above all , do no harm ." The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 45 (4): 371-377 . doi : 10.1177/0091270004273680 .
Cura te ipsum . " Take care of your own self ! " or "Heal your self " is a Latin injunction , urging physicians to care for and heal themselves first , before dealing with patients . Cura te ipsum became famous in the Latin translation of the Bible , the Vulgate " The proverb was quoted by Jesus " ... " Physician, heal thyself " , as recorded in the Gospel of Luke, chapter 04:23 . Luke the Evangelist was himself a doctor
Clinical Pharmacology :
Drugs and their use in clinical practice.
Fortaleza - Ceará -2013
Clinical Pharmacology : Medicines and their use in clinical practice.
CENTER FOR CONTINUING EDUCATION
Professor Cesar Augusto Venancio da Silva
1st EDITION
2013Epígrafe .
INTEREST ... And I promise that by exercising the art of healing , show me will always loyal to the principles of honesty, charity and science . Penetrating inside the homes , my eyes are blind , my tongue I will silence the secrets are revealed , which will have as precept of honor . Never serve the profession to corrupt morals or encourage crime . If I fulfill this oath faithfully , I enjoy , forever , my life and my art , with good reputation among men . If the infringing or get away from him , succeed me otherwise .
"The medical graduates choosing a drug inadequate or unreliable in half the cases ." WHO document .
" Primum non nocere " - Primum non nocere is a Latin phrase that means " First , do no harm . " The phrase is sometimes recorded as primum nil nocere . Non- maleficence , which is derived from the maximum , is one of the main precepts of medical ethics that all medical students are taught in medical school and is a fundamental principle for emergency medical services worldwide . Another way of stating is that "given an existing problem , it may be better not to do something, or even to do nothing , than to risk causing more harm than good . " He reminds the physician and other health professionals should consider the possible harm that any intervention might do. It is invoked when debating the use of an intervention that carries an obvious risk of damage, but less certain chance of benefit. Non-maleficence is often contrasted with its corollary of beneficence. Primum non nocere - Tells why " primum non nocere " is not , in fact , from Hippocrates , but it is a phrase in epidemics - " The origin of primum non nocere . " British Medical Journal electronic responses and comments , 1 September 2013. Smith , C. M. (2005) . " Origin and Uses of Primum non nocere - above all , do no harm ." The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 45 (4): 371-377 . doi : 10.1177/0091270004273680 .
Cura te ipsum . " Take care of your own self ! " or "Heal your self " is a Latin injunction , urging physicians to care for and heal themselves first , before dealing with patients . Cura te ipsum became famous in the Latin translation of the Bible , the Vulgate " The proverb was quoted by Jesus " ... " Physician, heal thyself " , as recorded in the Gospel of Luke, chapter 04:23 . Luke the Evangelist was himself a doctor
SEVENTH SEMESTER OF MEDICAL EDUCATION .
PROGRAM OF DISCIPLINE
SUMMARY OF THE TEACHER'S BOOK OF CESAR AUGUSTO SILVA VENANCIO
Majoring in CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
SEVENTH SEMESTER OF MEDICAL EDUCATION .
Classes - In this follow - theoretical classes make available for the course to serve as a roadmap study .
Pharmacology - Antibiotics . Suggested program for the 7th time.
Introduction to Rational Prescribing Antibiotics .
Penicillins .
Cephalosporins .
Carbapenems and monobactams .
Glycopeptides .
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim .
Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin .
Quinolones .
Tetracyclines.
Macrolides .
Anaerobic flora .
Aminoglycosides .
Chloramphenicol .
PRACTICE : MACROLIDES - DIRECTED STUDY .
1. Mechanism of action of this class .
2 . Mechanisms of resistance .
3 . The main representatives of this class .
4 . Action spectrum of the class.
5 . Difference between the three main representatives of this class .
6 . Commenting on the clinical uses .
7 . Use of Erythromycin in tuberculosis .
8 . Differences compared the pharmacokinetics between the three main representatives of this class .
9 . Macrolide in patients with renal insufficiency .
10 . Use of macrolides used for meningitis. Justifies dialectic.
11 . Side effects of macrolides.
12 . The major side effects .
13 . Drug interaction that class .
PRACTICE : TETRACYCLINE - DIRECTED STUDY
1. Classification of tetracyclines .
2 . Main differences between the tetracyclines .
3 . Mechanism of action .
4 . Action spectrum .
5 . Pharmacokinetics .
6 . Clinical uses .
7 . Adverse effects .
8 . Spectrum of action , theory and practice of tetracyclines .
9 . THEORETICAL action spectrum : the spectrum antibiotic that initially covered , but does not cover more , the emergence of acquired resistance .
10 . Natural resistance to bacteria and NEVER spectrum of action of this antibiotic .
11 . Mechanism of action of tetracyclines .
12 . Main mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines .
13 . Group of bacteria that have acquired resistance increasing .
14 . Aspects of the pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines .
15 . Main clinical uses of tetracyclines .
16 . Description of some of the major side effects and contraindications to the use of tetracyclines .
17 . Main drug interactions tetracycline .
SUMMARY OF THE TEACHER'S BOOK OF CESAR AUGUSTO SILVA VENANCIO
Majoring in CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
SEVENTH SEMESTER OF MEDICAL EDUCATION .
Classes - In this follow - theoretical classes make available for the course to serve as a roadmap study .
Pharmacology - Antibiotics . Suggested program for the 7th time.
Introduction to Rational Prescribing Antibiotics .
Penicillins .
Cephalosporins .
Carbapenems and monobactams .
Glycopeptides .
Sulfonamides and trimethoprim .
Nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin .
Quinolones .
Tetracyclines.
Macrolides .
Anaerobic flora .
Aminoglycosides .
Chloramphenicol .
PRACTICE : MACROLIDES - DIRECTED STUDY .
1. Mechanism of action of this class .
2 . Mechanisms of resistance .
3 . The main representatives of this class .
4 . Action spectrum of the class.
5 . Difference between the three main representatives of this class .
6 . Commenting on the clinical uses .
7 . Use of Erythromycin in tuberculosis .
8 . Differences compared the pharmacokinetics between the three main representatives of this class .
9 . Macrolide in patients with renal insufficiency .
10 . Use of macrolides used for meningitis. Justifies dialectic.
11 . Side effects of macrolides.
12 . The major side effects .
13 . Drug interaction that class .
PRACTICE : TETRACYCLINE - DIRECTED STUDY
1. Classification of tetracyclines .
2 . Main differences between the tetracyclines .
3 . Mechanism of action .
4 . Action spectrum .
5 . Pharmacokinetics .
6 . Clinical uses .
7 . Adverse effects .
8 . Spectrum of action , theory and practice of tetracyclines .
9 . THEORETICAL action spectrum : the spectrum antibiotic that initially covered , but does not cover more , the emergence of acquired resistance .
10 . Natural resistance to bacteria and NEVER spectrum of action of this antibiotic .
11 . Mechanism of action of tetracyclines .
12 . Main mechanisms of resistance to tetracyclines .
13 . Group of bacteria that have acquired resistance increasing .
14 . Aspects of the pharmacokinetics of tetracyclines .
15 . Main clinical uses of tetracyclines .
16 . Description of some of the major side effects and contraindications to the use of tetracyclines .
17 . Main drug interactions tetracycline .
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